MetINFO - LIGNUM Model

Publications Reviewed articles | Work in Progress | Other publications   Reviewed articles

Salminen, H., Saarenmaa, H., Perttunen, J., Sievänen, Nikinmaa, E. and Väkevä, J. 1994. Modelling Trees Using an Object-Oriented Scheme. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, Vol. 20, No. 8, pp.49-64.

Perttunen, J., Sievänen R., Nikinmaa, E., Salminen, H., Saarenmaa, H., and Väkevä, J. 1996. LIGNUM: A Tree Model Based on Simple Structural Units. Annals of Botany 77:87-98.

Sievänen, R., Nikinmaa, E., Perttunen, J. 1997. Evaluation of Importance of Sapwood Senescence on Tree Growth Using the Model Lignum. Silva Fennica 31(3): 329-340.

Perttunen, J., Sievänen R., Nikinmaa, E. 1998. LIGNUM: A Model Combining the Structure and the Functioning of Trees. Ecological Modelling 108: 189-198.

Sievänen, R., Nikinmaa E., Nygren P., Ozier-Lafontaine H., Perttunen J., and Hakula H. 2000. Components of a functional-structural tree model. Annals of Forest Science 57 (5/6): 399-412.

Lo, E., Wang, Z.M, Lechowicz, M., Messier, C., Nikinmaa, E., Sievänen, R., and Perttunen, J. 2001. Adaptation of the LIGNUM model for simulations of growth and light response in jack pine. Forest Ecology and Management 150 (3): 279-291.

Perttunen, J., Nikinmaa, E, Lechowicz, M, Sievänen, R, and Messier C. 2001. Application of the Functional-Structural Tree Model LIGNUM to Sugar Maple (Acer Saccharum Marsh) growing in Forest Gaps. Annals of Botany 88(3):471-481.

Salemaa, M. & Sievänen, R. 2002. The effect of apical dominance on the branching architecture of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi in four contrasting environments. Flora 197(6): 429-442.

Nikinmaa, E., Messier, C., Sievänen, R., Perttunen, J. & Lehtonen, M. 2003. Shoot growth and crown development: effect of crown position in three-dimensional simulations. Tree Physiology 23(2): 129-136.

Mutke, S., Sievänen, R., Nikinmaa, E., Perttunen, J. & Gil, L. 2005. Crown architecture of grafted Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.): shoot growth and bud differentiation. Trees - Structure and Function 19: 15-25.

Perttunen, J. & Sievänen, R. 2005. Incorporating Lindenmayer systems for architectural development in a functional-structural tree model. Ecological Modelling 181(4): 479-491.

Heikura, T., Terho, M., Perttunen, J. & Sievänen, R. 2008. A computer-based tool to link decay information to 3D architecture of urban trees. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 7: 233-239 . doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2008.07.001

Sievänen R., Perttunen J., Nikinmaa, E. and Kaitaniemi, P. 2008. Toward extension of a single tree functional–structural model of Scots pine to stand level: effect of the canopy of randomly distributed, identical trees on development of tree structure. Functional Plant Biology 35: 964-975.

Perttunen, Jari: The LIGNUM Functional-Structural Tree Model, Doctoral thesis, Systems Analysis Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, February 2009. (download, 5.6 MB)

Lu, M., Nygren, P., Perttunen, J. Pallardy, S.G., Larsen, D.R. 2011. Application of the functional-structural tree model LIGNUM to growth simulation of short-rotation eastern cottonwood. Silva Fennica 45(3):431-474.

Lintunen, A., Sievänen, R., Kaitaniemi, P., Perttunen, J. 2011. Models of 3D crown structure for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and silver birch (Betula pendula) grown in mixed forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41:(9) 1779-1794.

Work in Progress

Lu, M., Nygren, P., Perttunen, J., Pallardy, P.G., Larsen D.R. 2007.
Application of the Functional-Structural Tree Model LIGNUM to Growth
Simulation of Short-Rotation Eastern Cottonwood. Manuscript submitted to Silva Fennica.

Other publications

Perttunen, J., Saarenmaa, H, Sievänen, R., Salminen, H., Pouttu, A. and Väkevä, J. 1994. Propagating the effects of herbivore attack in an object-oriented model of a tree. In: Mattson, W.J. (Ed.) Prceedings of the IUFRO Symposium "Mechanisms of Plant resistance against Herbivores", Maui, Hawaii, February 2-6,1994, 9 pages.

Perttunen, J., Sievänen, R., Nikinmaa, E., Salminen, H., Saarenmaa, H. and Väkevä, J. 1995. LIGNUM: Oliopohjainen puun kasvumalli. In: Hyvönen, E. and Seppänen, J (editors), Keinoelämä - Artificial Life. Tekniikkaa, luonnontiedettä, filosofiaa ja taidetta. Symposio 12.5.1995, Säätytalo, Helsinki. Publications of the Finnish Artificial Intelligence Society - FAIS, ISBN-951-22-2607-3, p. 151-160.

R. Sievänen, E. Nikinmaa, H. Hakula, J. Perttunen, H. Salminen, H. Saarenmaa and J. Väkevä. 1995. Lignum - modelling trees with simple structural units. CSC NEWS June 1995. Vol 7 No 2, 20-24.

Sievänen, R., Perttunen, J., Nikinmaa, E., Salminen, H., Saarenmaa, H. and Väkevä, J. 1995. A model integrating the structure and physiological activities of trees. Abstract of Paper: 3rd International Congress "The Tree", 11-16, September, Montpellier, France.

R. Sievänen, ja J. Perttunen 1996. Lignum. In: Hynynen, J. and Ojansuu R. (toim.) Puuston kehityksen ennustaminen -MELA ja vaihtoehtoja. Tutkimusseminaari Vantaalla 1996. Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonanatoja no. 612: 107-116. (in Finnish)

Sievänen, R., Nikinmaa, E., Messier, C. and Perttunen, J. 2000. Modeling effects of metabolism and 3D crown structure on tree growth. In: Jandl, R., Devall, M, Khorchidi, M., Schimpf, E., Wolfrum, G., and Khrisnapillay, B. (editors). Abstracts of Group Discussions IUFRO XXI World Congress 2000, 7-12 August 2000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the Malaysian IUFRO World Congress Organising Committee, p. 91.

Perttunen, J., Lehtonen, M. and Sievänen, R. 2000. Towards a (Forest) Scientist Workbench Using Scientific Visualization. In: Jandl, R., Devall, M, Khorchidi, M., Schimpf, E., Wolfrum, G., and Khrisnapillay, B. (editors). Poster abstracts of IUFRO XXI World Congress 2000, 7-12 August 2000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the Malaysian IUFRO World Congress Organising Committee, p. 133-134.

Berninger, F., Sievänen, R., Nikinmaa, E., and Nygren, P. 2000. Coupling a diffusion resistance type model with structural forest growth model. In: Jandl, R., Devall, M, Khorchidi, M., Schimpf, E., Wolfrum, G., and Khrisnapillay, B. (editors). Poster abstracts of IUFRO XXI World Congress 2000, 7-12 August 2000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the Malaysian IUFRO World Congress Organising Committee, p. 48

Perttunen, J., Sievänen, R., Lehtonen, M. & Nikinmaa, E. 2002. Towards functional structural analysis of forest stands with LIGNUM. In: Krzysztof, A. & Meuth, H. (eds.). 16th European Simulation Multiconference. Modelling and Simulation 2002. SCS Europe, Erlangen. p. 120-122.

Williams, M.L., Manninen, T., Kellomäki, S., Ikonen, V.-P., Sievänen, R., Lehtonen, M., Nikinmaa, E. & Vesala, T. 2003. Modeling the SAR response of pine forest in Southern Finland. In: Abstracts of IGARSS2003 International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium. 3 p.

Salemaa, M., Sievänen, R. & Perttunen, J. 2003 Branching architecture of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi in two contrasting environments. Poster at meeting: 7th Clonal Plant Workshop. Reproductive strategies, biotic interactions and metapopulation dynamics. 1st - 5th August,2003. Kuusamo, Finland.

Mutke, S., Sievänen, R., Perttunen, J., Climent, J. & Gila, L. 2004. Effect of cone bearing on shoot growth and crown development in stone pine (Pinus pinea L.): structural analysis and simulation by L-systems. In: Godin, C., Hanan, J., Kurth, W., Lacointe, A., Takenaka, A., Prusinkiewicz, P., DeJong, T., Beveridge, C. & Andrieu, B. (eds.). Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Functional-Structural Plant Models. Abstracts of papers and posters. 07-11 June 2004, Campus ENSAM/INRA2, place Viala Montpellier, France. UMR, AMAP, Montpellier. p. 278.

Mäkelä, A., Perttunen, J., Nikinmaa, E. & Sievänen, R. 2004. Two-way interactions between process-based tree growth models and 3D structural-functional models - lessons learned from a scaling exercise. In: Godin, C., Hanan, J., Kurth, W., Lacointe, A., Takenaka, A., Prusinkiewicz, P., DeJong, T., Beveridge, C. & Andrieu, B. (eds.). Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Functional-Structural Plant Models. Abstracts of papers and posters. 07-11 June 2004, Campus ENSAM/INRA2, place Viala Montpellier, France. UMR, AMAP, Montpellier. p. 209.

Nikinmaa, E., Hakula, H. & Sievänen, R. 2004. Modelling tree growth as a competition between sinks using reaction-transport approach in branched architecture. In: Godin, C., Hanan, J., Kurth, W., Lacointe, A., Takenaka, A., Prusinkiewicz, P., DeJong, T., Beveridge, C. & Andrieu, B. (eds.). Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Functional-Structural Plant Models. Abstracts of papers and posters. 07-11 June 2004, Campus ENSAM/INRA2, place Viala Montpellier, France. UMR, AMAP, Montpellier. p. 216-219.

Perttunen, J., Sievänen, R., Nikinmaa, E. & Lehtonen, M. 2004. On the structural plasticity of Scots pine during early stand development. In: Godin, C., Hanan, J., Kurth, W., Lacointe, A., Takenaka, A., Prusinkiewicz, P., DeJong, T., Beveridge, C. & Andrieu, B. (eds.). Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Functional-Structural Plant Models. Abstracts of papers and posters. 07-11 June 2004, Campus ENSAM/INRA2, place Viala Montpellier, France. UMR, AMAP, Montpellier. p. 231-234.

Perttunen, J., Sievänen, R., Nikinmaa, E., Lehtonen, M. & Heikura, T. 2004. Software demonstration of the functional-structural tree model LIGNUM. In: Godin, C., Hanan, J., Kurth, W., Lacointe, A., Takenaka, A., Prusinkiewicz, P., DeJong, T., Beveridge, C. & Andrieu, B. (eds.). Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Functional-Structural Plant Models. Abstracts of papers and posters. 07-11 June 2004, Campus ENSAM/INRA2, place Viala Montpellier, France. UMR, AMAP, Montpellier. p. 412.

Sievänen, R., Delagrange, S., Messier, C., Nikinmaa, E. & Perttunen, J. 2004. Functional structural analysis of understory seedling performance in variable level of shading. In: Godin, C., Hanan, J., Kurth, W., Lacointe, A., Takenaka, A., Prusinkiewicz, P., DeJong, T., Beveridge, C. & Andrieu, B. (eds.). Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Functional-Structural Plant Models. Abstracts of papers and posters. 07-11 June 2004, Campus ENSAM/INRA2, place Viala Montpellier, France. UMR, AMAP, Montpellier. p. 329.

Perttunen, J., Sievänen, R., Nikinmaa, E., Mäkelä, A. 2005. Extrapolation of a detailed tree model to stand level. In J.L. Innes, I.K. Edwards, and D.J. Wilford, editors, Forests in the Balance: Linking Tradition and Technology. XXII IUFRO World Congress, 8-13 August 2005, Brisbane, Australia. Abstracts, volume 7(5) of The International Forestry Review, page 25. Commonwealth Forestry Association.

Salemaa, M., Perttunen, J., Sievänen, R., Tolvanen, A. 2006. Structural development of vaccinium vitis-idaea after rhizome cutting. In 8th Clonal Plant Workshop. Generality, Specificity, and Diversity of Clonal Growth. June 27-30 2006, Parnu, Estonia.