The condition of Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands
in the Straits of the Gulf of Bothnia
between Finland and Sweden

Background, goals, and implementation

Researchers participating in the project and the authors of the final report

History of the coastal forests

Bedrock and soil

Climate

Emissions, air quality and deposition

Spruce stands in the Straits of the Gulf of Bothnia

The soil in spruce stands

Growth of spruce

Nutrient status of spruce stands

Cellular structure of spruce needles

Defoliation and discoloration

Summary

List of publications

Sisällysluettelo | Innehåll | Coverpage