Metlan tiedonantoja 838

Vapaavuori, Elina et al. 2002.
Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja 838 - Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 838. Suonenjoki Research Station. - 28 p.

[ISBN 951-40-1818-4]
[Price 8,00 EUR]

Authors: Elina Vapaavuori¹, Timo Oksanen², Jarmo K. Holopainen², Toini Holopainen², Juha Heiskanen¹, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto³, Anne Kasurinen², Jukka Laitinen¹, Elina Oksanen², Petri Peltonen^1,3, Marja Poteri¹, Tapani Repo⁴, Johanna Riikonen^1,2 & Leena Syrjälä¹

1 Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki Research Station, FIN-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland
2 Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
3 Department of Biology, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
4 Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Center, FIN-80111 Joensuu, Finland

Publisher: Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki Research Station

Keywords: Betula pendula, silver birch, fumigation, carbon dioxide, ozone, open-top chamber, soil nutrients, growth

Orders:
Finnish Forest Research Institute, Library, P.O. Box 18, FIN-01301 Vantaa,
phone +358 10 211 2200, faxi +358 10 211 2201
e-mail: library@metla.fi

Abstract

An open-top chamber (OTC) system was designed and constructed at Suonenjoki Research Station, Finland (62°05’N, 27°00’E, 130 m asl) in order to study the responses of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) trees to elevated CO₂ and O₃ alone and in combination. The aim was to provide a facility to study long-term responses of the trees in projected future climate. The facility enabled us to assess the responses on following parameters: growth, allocation, crown and leaf structure, gas exchange, biochemical and chemical properties of the leaves, herbivores and palatability of the leaves, leaf pathogens, and soil systems including root and mycorrhizal growth, soil respiration and litter decomposition. The treatments from 1999 to 2001 were: 1) outside control; 2) chamber control; 3) 2 * background CO₂; 4) 2 * background O₃; and 5) 2 * background ppm CO₂ + 2 * background O₃. Two birch clones with different ozone-sensitivity were included in the study and both clones were represented as four replicates in each treatment. Thus, the experiment included altogether 40 trees, 32 being enclosed in cylindrical open top chambers and 8 serving as outside controls. The experiment was organised as a randomised incomplete blocks -design to eliminate the site differences between the blocks. The mixture of fumigation gases and air was blown at the speed of 0.1–0.6 m³ s^–1 at the bottom of the chamber using a computer-controlled blower. The CO₂ and O₃ dispensing and monitoring system was computer-controlled and compared the measured gas concentration to the chosen target concentration and adjusted the gas . ow into the chambers. In the present paper we describe the experimental design, site conditions, the OTC system and principles of the measuring/regulation system as well as the measured values for air temperature, light and gas composition in the chambers. The daily mean temperature in the chambers was on an average 1.7, 2.3 and 2.4 °C higher than the daily mean temperature of the ambient air in 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively. Temperature sums (above +5 °C) were 189 dd (in 1999) to 400 dd (2001) higher in chambers than outside. In 2000 and 2001 the doubled target concentrations of O₃ and CO₂ were reached during nearly most of the fumigation period, while in 1999 the concentrations were slightly lower than the targets. Ozone exposure during the growing seasons 1999, 2000 and 2001, calculated as AOT40- values (accumulated over a threshold of 40 ppb), was 18, 22 and 29 ppm.h greater in the elevated ozone treatments than in ambient air.

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by grants from Academy of Finland (projects 40924, 47074) and European Commission (project ERBIC15CT980102). We express our gratitude to the technical staff at Suonenjoki Research Station and students from different universities for their excellent work in the construction and maintanance of the experiment.

Metla project 3186

			Technical Report. Open-top chamber fumigation of cloned silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) trees to elevated CO₂ and ozone: Description of the fumigation system and the experimental site.
MT 838. Abstract Full text (pdf 373kb) Metla publications Now in Metla Metla homepage			Vapaavuori, Elina et al. 2002. Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja 838 - Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 838. Suonenjoki Research Station. - 28 p. [ISBN 951-40-1818-4] [Price 8,00 EUR] Authors: Elina Vapaavuori¹, Timo Oksanen², Jarmo K. Holopainen², Toini Holopainen², Juha Heiskanen¹, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto³, Anne Kasurinen², Jukka Laitinen¹, Elina Oksanen², Petri Peltonen^1,3, Marja Poteri¹, Tapani Repo⁴, Johanna Riikonen^1,2 & Leena Syrjälä¹ 1 Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki Research Station, FIN-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland 2 Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland 3 Department of Biology, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland 4 Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Center, FIN-80111 Joensuu, Finland Publisher: Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki Research Station Keywords: Betula pendula, silver birch, fumigation, carbon dioxide, ozone, open-top chamber, soil nutrients, growth Orders: Finnish Forest Research Institute, Library, P.O. Box 18, FIN-01301 Vantaa, phone +358 10 211 2200, faxi +358 10 211 2201 e-mail: library@metla.fi Abstract An open-top chamber (OTC) system was designed and constructed at Suonenjoki Research Station, Finland (62°05’N, 27°00’E, 130 m asl) in order to study the responses of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) trees to elevated CO₂ and O₃ alone and in combination. The aim was to provide a facility to study long-term responses of the trees in projected future climate. The facility enabled us to assess the responses on following parameters: growth, allocation, crown and leaf structure, gas exchange, biochemical and chemical properties of the leaves, herbivores and palatability of the leaves, leaf pathogens, and soil systems including root and mycorrhizal growth, soil respiration and litter decomposition. The treatments from 1999 to 2001 were: 1) outside control; 2) chamber control; 3) 2 * background CO₂; 4) 2 * background O₃; and 5) 2 * background ppm CO₂ + 2 * background O₃. Two birch clones with different ozone-sensitivity were included in the study and both clones were represented as four replicates in each treatment. Thus, the experiment included altogether 40 trees, 32 being enclosed in cylindrical open top chambers and 8 serving as outside controls. The experiment was organised as a randomised incomplete blocks -design to eliminate the site differences between the blocks. The mixture of fumigation gases and air was blown at the speed of 0.1–0.6 m³ s^–1 at the bottom of the chamber using a computer-controlled blower. The CO₂ and O₃ dispensing and monitoring system was computer-controlled and compared the measured gas concentration to the chosen target concentration and adjusted the gas . ow into the chambers. In the present paper we describe the experimental design, site conditions, the OTC system and principles of the measuring/regulation system as well as the measured values for air temperature, light and gas composition in the chambers. The daily mean temperature in the chambers was on an average 1.7, 2.3 and 2.4 °C higher than the daily mean temperature of the ambient air in 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively. Temperature sums (above +5 °C) were 189 dd (in 1999) to 400 dd (2001) higher in chambers than outside. In 2000 and 2001 the doubled target concentrations of O₃ and CO₂ were reached during nearly most of the fumigation period, while in 1999 the concentrations were slightly lower than the targets. Ozone exposure during the growing seasons 1999, 2000 and 2001, calculated as AOT40- values (accumulated over a threshold of 40 ppb), was 18, 22 and 29 ppm.h greater in the elevated ozone treatments than in ambient air. Acknowledgements This study was supported by grants from Academy of Finland (projects 40924, 47074) and European Commission (project ERBIC15CT980102). We express our gratitude to the technical staff at Suonenjoki Research Station and students from different universities for their excellent work in the construction and maintanance of the experiment. Metla project 3186

Päivitetty:	1.11.2006/OKur	Metla : Julkaisut : Tiedonantoja : 838

Technical Report. Open-top chamber fumigation of cloned silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) trees to elevated CO2 and ozone: Description of the fumigation system and the experimental site.

Abstract

Acknowledgements

Technical Report. Open-top chamber fumigation of cloned silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) trees to elevated CO₂ and ozone: Description of the fumigation system and the experimental site.