Microbial soil compound plays one of the most important roles in the decomposition of organic litter. Namely the spectrum of micromycetes presents basic characteristic. The occurrence of microorganisms in the soils depends on many factors e.g. on soil acidity, air and soil humidity, air and soil temperature, soil water, all meteorological factors etc. Important part of different characteristics in all areas are the values of atmospheric pollution. We studied the microbial biodiversity from different soils of some areas in Czech Republic.
We could divide polluted stands as follows:
1) Stands in areas with heavy pollution (North Bohemia, Jizera Mountains), with special orography conditions connected with long-term SO2 pollution; dead spruce forests were replaced by young ones.
2) Stands in areas with medium pollution (NorthEast Bohemia, Giant Mountains), the pollution of SO2 to 17 µg per m3 of the air (month daily average); old and young spruce forests.
3) Stands in areas with light pollution (Czech-Moravian Highlands, the stand Kosetice), the pollution to 8 µg per m3 of the air (month daily average); old spruce forests.
We found in all samples of the soil from relatively little polluted areas the fungus Mortierella, and less observed were other genera of the order of Mucorales, like genera Mucor, Rhizopus, and Absidia, which were found in the soils from heavily polluted areas. The microflora maintains the biodiversity and it could prepare the conditions for the improvement of soil profiles.
Key words: forest soils, microbial biodiversity, atmospheric pollution.
Correspondence: Josef Hysek, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviste-Strnady, l56 04 Praha 5-Zbraslav, Czech Republic
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