ICP Forests Forest Focus Level II Phenology Spruce

	Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.)	Needle appearance Flowering Damage

	Needle appearance in Norway spruce
	The phenological phase to be recorded is defined as the stage at which the needles in each bundle (e.g. two for Scots pine) become separately visible, after the buds/new shoots have elongated and the needle bundles have started to separate.

		The defined stage of needle appearance in Norway spruce
Photo: Robert Breugger	Photo: Egbert Beuker

Photos: Jouko Lehto

Needle appearance in Norway spruce (Picea abies): Flushing is at the defined stage at the midle picture

Flowering in Norway spruce

The flowers of male (staminate) inflorescence are open and begin to release yellow pollen. (On windy days the release of pollen is visible. When releasing pollen, male (staminate) inflorescence are red, wine-red or yellow-brown, later on the colour changes to yellow of yellow-brown).


	Photos: Teijo Nikkanen

Damage in Norway spruce

			Damage by late spring frost in young Norway spruce
	Photos: Jouko Lehto

Updated: May 25, 2004 /Emat

ICP Phenology:Norway spruce

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