ABSTRACT
The present study makes a technological Caracterizacion and comparative
of the wood of the Pinus oocarpa var. ochoterenai in two ages (15 and
20 years).
The essays se carried cabo in the Laboratorio of Productos Forestales
"Hector Anaya Lopez" of the University Nacional of Colombia, Sede
Medellin, where that they were achieved tests physical - mechanical, of
secado and trabajabilidad; as of extracted 20 trees, (10 in each
locality) tanto in Barbosa Antioquia as in Yolombo, the
nordeste Antioqueno.
For the evaluation of the results obtained in the different essays, se
utilized a design of blocks at the azar in arrangement variable
factorial for each essay.
The essays of physical properties defined for the
Pinus oocarpa var. ochoterenai, a basic density of 0.42 and 0.44 g /
cm3 for the trees of 15 and 20 years respectively.
Considering meaningful the difference among these values.
Also se obtained a total volumetric contraction of 11.48% for the
probetas of 15 years and 10.28% for the of 20 years.
Without meaningful differences among said values, although in general
se found major values of contraction and minor densities in the wood of
15 years, lo which can evidenciar a major content of juvenile wood in
the probetas of this age, this apreciacion be corroborada for the
presencia of meaningful differences in the analysis estadistico for
these same parameters among ages, and for fact of that visually the
trees of 15 years provenientes of Yolombo (Antioquia) presents a major
development, this makes evident that the conditions in said region
allows a major growth of the trees.
Lo which explain the fact that the wood of that zone cuente with minor
densities.
During the mechanical essays se monitored the low resistance that it
exhibits the wood at the different kinds of efforts, as static flexion,
parallel compression and perpendicular, cizalladura, dureza and
extraction of cloves for the considered two ages.
Hence this species se classified as structural wood kind C, lo that it
impedes its utilization in constructions that requieran support very
large cargoes.
The essays of secado se achieved for both ages (15 and 20 years).
In the secado at the air se determined the velocity of the process from
a green state, in the wood until this will reach a content of humedad
of equilibrium of agreement at the conditions of the city of Medellin,
this presented a very good behavior, allowing to locate the probetas of
both ages in the groups of quality A and B, as: a 82.25% for the wood
of 15 years and 77.25 for the wood of 20 years.
The time of secado for these essays fu of 58 and 41 das respectively,
times that corresponds at maderas of fast secado.
As for the secado in controlled camera, the wood of both ages se
subdued at two programs, strong and moderate; from the green state
until a content of humedad of 14% approximately.
For the which the wood had in general a good behavior, ya that not
presented in no of them flaws, rajaduras collapse, besides more of 75%
of the probetas se classified in the groups of quality A and B, taking
a short period of time, of 2 das approximately, for arriving at a CH of
14%.
The essays of trabajabilidad se effected equally for both ages,
observing in the wood a good behavior in this aspect, sobretodo in the
test of moldurado, in the that not se they presented defects.
--
Victor Hugo Osorno M.
Ingeniería Forestal
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Sede Medellín
E-MAIL : vhosorno@perseus.unalmed.edu.co
vhosorno@hotmail.com
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