Dear netters! Two weeks ago, I sent a message asking for indicators of former landuse in forested mountain areas. I post here a summary of the answers. I take this opportunity to thank all the people who contributed to this list of indicators. Christina Giesch -------------------------------------- List of indicators of landuse in forests in montainous area: -Presence of indicator species (e.g. Urtica dioica, Plantago sp. for N enrichment) -Absence of indicator species, especially lichens -Tree species composition -Shape of trees (with an open grown branch structure) -Presence of stumps above or below the ground surface -Disturbance of the soil layers (ploughing horizon) -Charcoal layers in the soil -Presence of structures (stone walls, terrasses, piles of stones,...) -Old aerial photos -Pollen analysis -Phytolith analysis Bibliography: Faegri, K., and Iversen, J. 1989. Textbook of Pollen Analysis. 4th edition by Faegri, K., Kaland, P.E., and Krzywinski, K. John Wiley & Sons. Piperno, D.R. 1988. Phytolith analysis: an archaeological and geological perspective. Academic Press. Schuler, A., ed. History of Forest Utilization and Forestry in Mountain Regions. Papers from a IUFRO symposium on forest history held in Zurich, Switzerland, 3-7 September 1984. Zurich, Switzerland: Schweizerischer Forstverein, 1985. ix + 327 pp. Illustra tions, maps, bibliography. Essays on forest management, forest utilization, and land use in China, Finland, India, Italy, Japan, Nepal, Nicaragua, Sweden, Wales, and West Africa. Seventeenth through twentieth centuries. Text in English, German, and French. Killian, Herbert, ed. ``Forest History in Switzerland.'' (in German and French). News of Forest History 11/12 (January 1990): 1-33. Contains articles on forest policy in Switzerland since the nineteenth century as well as brief reviews of recent works in the field. Summaries in English. Viazzo, Pier Paolo. Upland Communities: Environment, Population, and Social Structure in the Alps since the Sixteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. xv + 325 pp. Maps, graphs, tables, bibliography, index. Examines the social, economi c, and demographic transformations of the Alpine area, since the late Middle Ages, with particular attention to resourcemanagement. Piussi, Pietro. ``Forestry in the Italian Alps: Ecological, Sociological, and Economic Problems.'' Forestry Chronicle 67 (August 1991): 366-69. Since the 1960s. Parde, J. ``La methode du Controle, d'hier a aujourd'hui.'' Revue forestiere francaise 43 (no. 3, 1991): 185-202. History of forest management techniques in France and Switzerland, since the 1870s. Walsh, Barry Walden. ``Natural Cycles.'' Wilderness 53 (Winter 1989): 16-17,52-54. Describes efforts, since the 1980s, to restore the natural landscape of the Sihlwald, a forest region in Switzerland managed for timber since the fifteenth century, and wher e Gifford Pinchot learned the principles of sustained yield forestry. Reader, John. Man on Earth. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991. 256 pp.Illustrations, bibliography, index. $29.95. Relationships of various societies to the land, including swidden cultivators in Papua New Guinea, and pastoralists in the Swiss Alps. Irniger, Margrit. Der Sihlwald und sein Umland. Waldnutzung, Viehzucht un Ackerbau im Albisgebiet von 1400-1600. Zurich, Switzerland: Hans Rohr, 1991. 170 pp. Illustrations, bibliography. Forest utilization and agriculture in Switzerland's Sihl River Vall ey, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Text in German. McNeill, John R. The Mountains of the Mediterranean World: An Environmental History. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1992. xvii + 423 pp.Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. Examination of mountainous regions in Turkey, Greece, Italy , Spain, and Morocco, since ancient times. ----------- \%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\% Christina Giesch Phone:+41/1/632.31.92 Forest inventory and planning Fax: +41/1/632.11.27 D-WAHO, HG G21.4 e-mail: giesch@pfe.waho.ethz.ch ETH-Zentrum 8092 Zurich Switzerland \%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%\%
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