From: Raymond Czaplewski:S28A Date: ## 02/10/95 13:15 ## Previous comments: From: Bruce G. Marcot:R6/PNW Date: ## 02/07/95 09:10 ## FYI ... I compiled this list of references on use of expert judgment in ecological modeling and decision analysis. Thought this might be of some use to some of you ... I'd appreciate hearing of any key references that I've missed. .... "Courtesy of the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project, Walla Walla WA" Content-Type: ForwardedIPmessage Content-Length: 00000015832 Message-Version: 2 UA-Content-ID: <BGI-ORSPWD> End-of-Header: EMail-Version: 2 UA-Message-ID: <BGI-ORSPWD> End-of-Protocol: Content-Type: text Content-Length: 15663 SELECTED REFERENCES ON DATA ANALYSIS BASED ON EXPERT JUDGMENT Bruce G. Marcot Wildlife Ecologist USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 26 January 1995 REFERENCES ON DELPHI METHOD IN ECOLOGY Richey, J. S., R. R. Horner, and B. W. Mar. 1985. The Delphi technique in environmental assessment. II. Consensus on critical issues in environmental monitoring program design. J. Env. Managem. 21:147-159. Rickey, J. S., B. W. Mar, and R. R. Horner. 1985. The Delphi technique in environmental assessment. I. Implementation and effectiveness. J. Env. Managem. 21:135-146. Schuster, E. G., S. S. Frissell, E. E. Baker, and R. S. Loveless. 1985. The Delphi method: application to elk habitat quality. USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT-353. 32 pp. Zuboy, J. R. 1981. A new tool for fishery managers: the Delphi technique. No. Amer. J. Fish. Manage. 1:55-59. REFERENCES ON BAYESIAN ANALYSIS, FROM ECOLOGICAL LITERATURE Clark, R. D., and R. T. Lackey. 1976. A technique for improving decision analysis in fisheries and wildlife management. Virginia Journal of Science 27:199-201. Gazey, W. J., and M. J. Staley. 1986. Population estimation from mark-recapture experiments using a sequential Bayes algorithm. Ecology 67:941-951. Hedges, L. V., and I. Olkin. 1985. Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Academic Press, Holl, S. A. 1982. Evaluation of bighorn sheep habitat. Desert Bighorn Council Transactions :47-49. Hunter, J. E., and F. L. Schmidt. 1990. Methods of meta-analysis. Sage Publications, Newbury Park. 592 pp. Johnson, D. H. 1985. Improved estimates from sample surveys with empirical Bayes methods. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association :395-400. Johnson, D. H. 1989. An empirical Bayes approach to analyzing recurring animal surveys. Ecology 70:945-952. Lee, D. C., and B. E. Rieman. 1994. Bayesian viability assessment module (BayVAM): a tool for assessing the population viability of resident salmonids. DRAFT 8/12/94. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 44 pp. Milne, B. T., K. M. Johnston, and R. T. T. Forman. 1989. Scale-dependent proximity of wildlife habitat in a spatially-neutral Bayesian model. Landscape Ecology 2:101-110. Reckhow, K. H. 1990. Bayesian inference in non-replicated ecological studies. Ecology 71:2053-2059. Williams, G. L., D. R. Russell, and W. K. Seitz. 1977. Pattern recognition as a tool in the ecological analysis of habitat. Pp. 521-531 in: Classification, inventory, and analysis of fisha and wildlife habitat. USDI Fish and Wildlife Serv., FWS/OBS-78/76. 604 pp. REFERENCES ON BAYESIAN ANALYSIS, FROM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LITERATURE Bretthorst, G. L. 1988. Bayesian spectrum analysis and parameter estimation. Springer-Verlag, Charniak, E. 1991. Bayesian networks without tears. AI Magazine 12(4):50-63. Denning, P. J. 1989. Bayesian learning. American Scientist 77:216-218. Haas, T. C. 1991. Partial validation of Bayesian belief network advisory systems. AI Applications 5(4):59-71. Haas, T. C. 1992. A Bayes network model of district ranger decision making. AI Applications 6(3):72-88. Haas, T. C., H. T. Mowrer, and W. D. Shepperd. 1994. Modeling aspen stand growth with a temporal Bayes network. AI Applications 8(1):15-28. Jaynes, E. T. 1986. Bayesian methods: general background. Pp. 1-25 in: J. H. Justice, ed. Maximum entropy and Bayesian methods in applied statistics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. Morawski, P. 1989. Programming Bayesian belief networks. AI Expert August:74-79. Morawski, P. 1989. Understanding Bayesian belief networks. AI Expert May:44-48. Olson, R. L., J. L. Willers, and T. L. Wagner. 1990. A framework for modeling uncertain reasoning in ecosystem management II. Bayesian belief networks. AI Applications in Natural Resource Management 4(4):11-24. REFERENCES ON USE OF DECISION ANALYSIS METHODS IN ECOLOGY Arquiga, M. C., L. W. Canter, and D. I. Nelson. 1992. Risk assessment principles in environmental impact studies. The Environmental Professional 14(3):204-219. Bartell, S. M., R. H. Gardner, and R. V. O'Neill. 1992. Ecological risk estimation. Lewis Pub., Boca Raton, FL. 272 pp. Behn, R. D., and J. W. Vaupel. 1982. Quick analysis for busy decision makers. Basic Books, New York. Bentley, W. R., and H. F. Kaiser. 1967. Sequential decisions in timber management - a Christmas tree case study. Journal of Forestry (Oct):714-719. Bergman, A. 1969. Evaluation of costs and benefits of tree improvement programs. Second World Consultation on Forest Tree Breeding, 7-16 August 1969, Washington. Beuter, J. H. 1991. Risk assessment in forest resource policy: a political perspective. Pp. 1-10 in: Society for Risk Analysis annual meeting 8-11 December 1991. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Baltimore, MD. Brown, D. A. 1992. Recognizing the limits of risk assessment. The Environmental Professional 14(3):185. Buckley, J. J. 1986. Stochastic dominance: an approach to decision making under risk. Risk Analysis 6:35-41. Burgman, M. A., S. Ferson, and H. R. Akcakaya. 1993. Risk assessment in conservation biology. Chapman and Hall, London. Cairns, J., Jr, and P. V. McCormick. 1992. Developing an ecosystem-based capability for ecological risk assessments. The Environmental Professional 14(3):186-196. Cairns, J., Jr, B. R. Niederlehner, and D. R. Orvos, ed. 1992. Predicting ecological risk. Princeton Scientific Pub. Co., Inc., Priceton, NJ. 400 pp. Calabrese, E. J., and L. A. Baldwin, ed. 1993. Performing ecological risk assessments. Lewis Pub., Boca Raton, FL. 250 pp. CEQ. 1984. Special report: risk assessment and risk management. Pp. 211-246 in: C. o. E. Quality, ed. Environmental quality. Chess, C. 1990. Telling the public about risks. Chemical and Engineering News Jun 11:44-45. Clark, R. D., and R. T. Lackey. 1976. A technique for improving decision analysis in fisheries and wildlife management. Virginia Journal of Science 27:199-201. Coughlan, B. A. K., and C. L. Armour. 1992. Group decision-making techniques for natural resource management applications. Resource Publication 185. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service. 55 pp. Coulson, R. N., and M. C. Saunders. 1987. Computer-assisted decision-making as applied to entomology. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 32:415-437. Crow, T. R. 1988. Managing for biological diversity within a landscape context. Draft ms. Davis, J. B., and E. L. Shafer. 1984. The use of paired comparison techniques for evaluating forest research. Pp. 512-516 in: New forests for a changing world. Soc. Amer. Foresters, de Steiguer, J. E. 1990. Using subjective judgment to assess air pollution effects on forests. Pp. 131-140 in: XIX World Congress, 5-11 August 1990: Science in forestry, IUFRO's second century. Canadian IUFRO World Congress Organizing Committee, Quebec, Canada. Draper, D., D. P. Gaver Jr, P. K. Goel, J. B. Greenhouse, L. V. Hedges, C. N. Morris, J. R. Tucker, and C. M. Waternaux. 1992. Combining information. Statistical issues and opportunities for research. Contemporary statistics No. 1. National Academy Press. 217 pp. EHC. 1989. Chemicals, the press, and the public: a journalist's guide to reporting on chemicals in the community. Environmental Health Center, a div. of National Safety Council. Washington, D.C. 124 pp. Ferson, S. 1988. Microcomputer software for stochastic demography and ecological risk analysis. The American Statistician 42:273. Fischhoff, B., S. Lichtenstein, P. Slovic, S. Derby, and R. Keeney. 1981. Acceptable risk. Cambridge Univ. Press, Fowles, R. 1988. MICRO-EGA. The American Statistician 42:274. Ginzburg, L. R., S. Ferson, and H. R. Akcakaya. 1990. Reconstructibility of density dependence and the conservative assessment of extinction risks. Conservation Biology 4:63-70. Hadden, S. G. 1989. A citizen's right to know: risk communication and public policy. Westview Press, Boulder CO. 239 pp. Holling, C. S. 1984. Adaptive environmental assessment and management. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 377 pp. Lein, J. K. 1992. Expressing environmental risk using fuzzy variables: a preliminary examination. The Environmental Professional 14(3):257-267. Lundregn, A. L. 1984. Strategies for coping with uncertainty in forest resource planning, management, and use. Soc. Amer. Foresters Convention, New forests for a changing world :574-578. Maguire, L. A. 1986. An analysis of augmentation strategies for grizzly populations: the Cabinet- Yak Ecosystem as an example. Rpt. to U.S. Forest Service, contract no. 40-3187- 4-1748. 36 pp. Maguire, L. A. 1986. Using decision analysis to manage endangered species populations. J. Env. Mgmt. 22:345-360. Maguire, L. A. 1991. Decision analysis and environmental dispute resolution: partners in resolving resource management conflicts. in: Society for Risk Analysis annual meeting 8-11 December 1991. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Baltimore, MD. Maguire, L. A. 1991. Risk analysis for conservation biologists. Conservation Biology 5(1):123-125. Maguire, L. A. 1991. Using decision analysis to manage endangered species. Pp. 139-152 in: D. J. Decker, M. E. Krasny, G. R. Goff, C. R. Smith, and D. W. Gross, ed. Challenges in the conservation of biological resources. A practitioner's guide. Westview Press, Boulder CO. Maguire, L. A., T. W. Clark, R. Crete, J. Cada, C. Groves, M. L. Shaffer, and U. S. Seal. 1988. Black-footed ferret recovery in Montana: a decision analysis. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 16:111-120. Maguire, L. A., and R. C. Lacy. 1990. Allocating scarce resources for conservation of endangered subspecies: partitioning zoo space for tigers. Conservation Biology 4:157-166. Maguire, L. A., U. S. Seal, and P. F. Brussard. 1987. Managing critically endangered species: the Sumatran Rhino as a case study. Pp. 141-158 in: M. E. Soule, ed. Viable populations for conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge MA. Maguire, L. A., and C. Servheen. 1992. Integrating biological and sociological concerns in endangered species management: augmentation of grizzly bear populations. Cons. Biol. 6(3):426-434. Marcot, B. G. 1986. Concepts of risk analysis as applied to viable population assessment and planning. in: B. A. Wilcox, P. F. Brussard, and B. G. Marcot, ed. The management of viable populations: theory, applications, and case studies. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford, CA. Marcot, B. G. 1987. Use of decision tree analysis for assessing wildlife-silviculture relationships. USFS Unpub Report Marcot, B. G., and H. Salwasser. 1991. Views on risk analysis for wildlife planning and management in USDA Forest Service. Presented at Soc. for Risk Analysis Ann. Mtg., 8-11 Dec. 1991, Baltimore MD McNay, R. S., R. E. Page, and A. Campbell. 1987. Application of expert-based decision models to promote integrated management of forests. Trans. No. Amer. Wildl. Nat. Resourc. Conf. 52:82-91. Medley, T. L., and J. H. Payne. 1991. A model for ecological risk assessment for federal regulatory decisions: field testing and release of exotic biocontrol organisms. Pp. 1-9 in: Society for Risk Analysis annual meeting 8-11 December 1991. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Baltimore, MD. Millsap, B. A., J. A. Gore, D. E. Runde, and S. I. Cerulean. 1990. Setting priorities for the conservation of fish and wildlife species in Florida. Wildl. Monogr. 111:1-57. Nash, S. 1991. What price nature? Future ecological risk assessments may chart the values, and the odds. BioScience 41(6):677-680. Newberry, J. D. 1994. Scientific opinion, not process. J. Forestry 92(4):44. Nnaji, S., J. S. Fisher, and S. V. Shabica. 1983. An application of decision analysis to shoreline management. J. Env. Mgt. 17:35-46. Norton, S., M. McVey, J. Colt, J. Durda, and R. Hegner. 1988. Review of ecological risk assessment methods. US Environmental Protection Agency. (sections numbered separately) pp. Raiffa, H. 1968. Decision analysis: introductory lectures on choices under certainty. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Reading, R. P., and S. R. Kellert. 1993. Attitudes toward a proposed reintroduction of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). Cons. Biol. 7(3):569-580. Reagan, D. P., M. Firko, and F. B. Taub. 1994. Meeting reviews: The role of ecologists in ecological risk assessments. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 75(2):96-99. Richey, J. S., R. R. Horner, and B. W. Mar. 1985. The Delphi technique in environmental assessment. II. Consensus on critical issues in environmental monitoring program design. J. Env. Managem. 21:147-159. Rickey, J. S., B. W. Mar, and R. R. Horner. 1985. The Delphi technique in environmental assessment. I. Implementation and effectiveness. J. Env. Managem. 21:135-146. Rossi, R. E., P. W. Borth, and J. J. Tollefson. 1993. Stochastic simulation for characterizing ecological spatial patterns and appraising risk. Ecol. Applic. 3(4):719-735. Rowe, W. D. 1977. An anatomy of risk. John Wiley & Sons, Schuster, E. G., S. S. Frissell, E. E. Baker, and R. S. Loveless. 1985. The Delphi method: application to elk habitat quality. USDA Fores Service Research Paper INT-353. 32 pp. Shaffer, M. L. 1983. Determining minimum viable population sizes for the grizzly bear. Int. Conf. Bear Res. and Manage. 5:133-139. Soule, M. E. 1987. Viable populations for conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 189 pp. Soule, M. E. 1989? Risk analysis for the concho water snake. Endangered Species Update 6(10):19,22-25. Spetzler, C. S., and C. S. StaelvonHolstein. 1975. Probabilitiy encoding in decision analysis. Manage. Sci. 22:340-358. Starfield, A. M., and A. M. Herr. 1991. A response to Maguire. (Letters). Conservation Biology 5:435. Starr, C. 1985. Risk management, assessment, and acceptability. Risk Analysis 5:97-102. Stout, D. J., and R. A. Streeter. 1992. Ecological risk assessment: its role in risk management. The Environmental Professional 14(3):197-203. Suter, G. W., II, L. W. Barnthouse, S. M. Bartell, D. Mackay, S. Paterson, and T. Mill, ed. 1992. Ecological risk assessment. Lewis Pub., Boca Raton, FL. 560 pp. Thompson, G. G. 1991. Determining minimum viable populations under the Endangered Species Act. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/NWC-198, U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Natl. Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle WA. 78 pp. Townsley, J. J. 1988. Predicted impacts of expert systems upon employee skill levels and organization structure in the U.S.D.A. Forest Service. M.S. Thesis, Department of Forest Management, Oregon State University. Corvallis OR. 72 pp. Unwin, S. D. 1986. A fuzzy set theoretic foundation for vagueness in uncertainty analysis. Risk Analysis 6:27-34. Walters, C. 1986. Adaptive management of renewable resources. MacMillan Pub. Co., New York. Wartenberg, D., and C. Chess. 1992. Risky business: the inexact art of hazard assessment. The Sciences March/April:17-21. Wilcox, B. A., P. F. Brussard, and B. G. Marcot. 1986. The management of viable populations: theory, applications, and case studies. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford, CA.
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